
Every hard surface requires some degree of maintenance and restoration, however, depending on the type of surface you’re dealing with. Different surfaces carry different characteristics, such as strength and porosity; identifying your flooring material is a critical part of designing a successful maintenance plan. When it comes to dealing with an unknown tile flooring, you may not be able to identify the tile’s manufacturer without accessing a loose piece. You can, however, classify the type of tile as a stone, porcelain, or ceramic so you can treat it accordingly.
Water Absorption
The first step in identifying your tile is a water absorption test. In a small corner or other hidden spot, pour a small amount of water on your tile floor and wait. Inspect to see if the spot beneath the water has become darker (indicating water absorption), and how long it took to absorb. Stone tiles and some types of terracotta will absorb water.
Color Variation
The next step is checking for variation; no two pieces of natural stone will look the same. Ceramic and porcelain tiles are generally more uniform and will have a totally soft/smooth finish. If there are repeating patterns, it is most likely a man-made tile.
Natural Stones
Marble is known for its veining pattern and will have natural color variations as well as gloss on the surface. This metamorphic rock contains calcium carbonate and is porous, prone to staining, and can be scratched with a knife.
Limestone is occasionally mistaken for marble and, since both are calcium-based stones, they can generally be cleaned in the same manner with no damage. Often seen in beige, light brown, or light grey, this stone does not have strong veining, but rather an almost uniform color throughout. Usually, limestone will have a satin or semi satin finish, though it can have a matte finish as well.
Travertine in its natural (unfilled) state will have holes or pockmarks that cover the surface. Typically, these holes are filled with a matching grout or epoxy, to provide a smooth surface. Commonly available in beige and light brown, travertine is usually finished in semi-satin or matte.
Basalt, otherwise known as Bluestone, is a gray stone with a blue tinge to it that is sometimes mistaken for granite. this stone cannot be treated like granite without causing damage. has consistent coloration, with no veining, and a grainy/porous surface.
Granite is an igneous rock largely made up of quartz and other minerals. This incredibly durable material is resistant to staining and acid damage and cannot be scratched with a knife. It can be recognized by its speckled appearance and usually has a polished finish.
Slate is easily identified by the distinct layered surface texture. This dense rock is prized for its durability and strength and typically appears in darker shades.
Man-Made Tiles
Ceramic tile can be porcelain or non-porcelain. The addition of feldspar, a crystal found in rock, is what makes ceramic tile porcelain. Non-porcelain tile comes in a wide assortment of colors and textures; therefore, it is the most common type of tile used for facilities. Ceramic tiles tend to have a slightly rounded edge and a glazed finish, compared to porcelain.
Porcelain is more expensive than regular ceramic thanks to its greater durability, natural stain resistance, minimal water absorption, and thorough color. It can be differentiated from ceramic by checking the edges and water absorption. If the tile has sharp, square edges and soaks up less than 5% of water, it’s porcelain.
Quarry tile is commonly found in food service. Made from clay and fired at extremely high temperatures, this tile is like brick pavers. Since it is typically unglazed, it is not recommended for floor coatings and sealing the grout lines is critical.
More Tips and Tricks!
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